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Kidney Stones Herbal Remedies
Select Bibliography
General
Blumenthal, M. (editor). The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. Austin, Texas: The American Botanical Council, 2003.
Blumenthal, M., Busse, W.R., Goldberg, A., et al. (editors) The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Austin, Texas: The American Botanical Council, 1998.
Bone, Kerry. “Phytotherapy for recurrent kidney stones,” Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. October 2005.
Clark, H. “Kidney Cleanse Recipe.” The Life Tree. http://www.thelifetree.com/kidneycleanse.htm
Duke, James A. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. With Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Judi duCellier, and Peggy-Ann K. Duke. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2002.
Hoffman, David L. Herbal Materia Medica. http://www.healthy.net/clinic/therapy/herbal/herbic/herbs/
Hoffmann, David L. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 2003.
Hutchens, Alma R. Indian Herbalogy of North America. 1973 (reprinted Boston: Shambhala, 1991).
Markell, M.S. “Herbal Therapies and the Patient with Kidney Disease.” Quarterly Review of Natural Medicine. Fall 1997, 189-200.
Millspaugh, Charles F. American Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated and Descriptive Guide to Plants Indigenous to and Naturalized in the United States Which Are Used in Medicine. With a new table of revised classification and nomenclature by E.S. Harrar, James B. Duke Emeritus Professor of Wood Science, Duke University. Originally published as Medicinal Plants, 2 volumes, Philadelphia: John C. Yorston & Company, 1892. Reprinted New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1974.
Mowrey, Daniel B. The Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine. With foreword by Dr. Jeffrey Bland. New Canaan, Connecticut: Keats Publishing, Inc., 1986.
Drink and Diet
Berg, W., Bothor, C., and Schneider, H.J. ["Experimental and clinical studies concerning the influence of natural substances on the crystallization of calcium oxalate". [Article in German; author's translation.] Der Urologe. Ausgabe A. Volume 21, Issue 1, January 1982, 52-58.
Breslau N.A., Brinkley, L., Hill, K.D., and Pak C.Y. "Relationship of animal protein-rich diet to kidney stone formation and calcium metabolism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Volume 66, Issue 1, January 1988, 140-6.
Broadus, A.E., Thier, S.O. “Metabolic basis of renal-stone disease." New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 300, Issue 15, April 12, 1979, 839-845.
Chai, W and Liebman, M. "Effect of different cooking methods on vegetable oxalate content." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Volume 53, Issue 8, April 2005, 3027-3030.
Curhan, G.C., Willett, WC, Knight, E.L., and Stampfer, M.J. "Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in younger women: Nurses' Health Study II." Archives of Internal Medicine. Volume 164, Issue 8, April 26, 2004, 885-891.
Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., and Stampfer, M.J. "A Prospective Study of Dietary Calcium and Other Nutrients and the Risk of Symptomatic Kidney Stones." New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 328, Issue 12, March 25, 1993, 833-838.
Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Spiegelman, D., and Stampfer, M.J. "Prospective Study of Beverage Use and Kidney Stones." American Journal of Epidemiology. Volume 143, Issue 3, February 1, 1996, 240-247.
Curhan G.C., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E., Spiegelman, D., and Stampfer, M.J. "Comparison of Dietary Calcium with Supplemental Calcium and Other Nutrients as Factors Affecting the Risk for Kidney Stones in Women." Annals of Internal Medicine. Volume 126, Issue 7, April 1, 1997, 497-504.
Curhan G.C., Willett, W.C., Speizer, F.E., and Stampfer, M.J. "Beverage use and risk for kidney stones in women." Annals of Internal Medicine. Volume 128, Issue 7, April 1, 1998, 534-540.
Faragalla, F.F. and Gershoff, S.N. "Interelations Among Magnesium, Vitamin B6, Sulfur and Phosphorus in the Formation of Kidney Stones in the Rat." The Journal of Nutrition. Volume 81, September 1963, 60-66.
Gershoff, S.N. "Production of urinary calculi in vitamin B6-deficient male, female and castrated male rats." The Journal of Nutrition. Volume 100, Issue 1, January 1970, 117-122.
Gershoff, S.N. and Prien, E.L. "Effect of daily MgO and vitamin B6 administration to patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1967, 393-399.
Izashvili, N.P. and Kasabian, E.V. ["Metabolism of vitamin B6, citric and oxalic acids, calcium and magnesium in nephrolithiasis"]. [Article in Russian.] Urologiia i Nefrologiia. Volume 38, Issue 3, May-June 1973, 9-13.
Krieger J.N., Kronmal, R.A., Coxon, V., Wortley, P., Thompson, L., and Sherrard, D.J "Dietary and behavioral risk factors for urolithiasis: potential implications for prevention." American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Volume 28, Issue 2, August 1996, 195-201.
Ljunghall, S., Fellstrom, B., and Johansson, G. "Prevention of renal stones by a high fluid intake?" European Urology. Volume 14, Issue 5, 1988, 381-5.
Menon, M. "A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones." Journal of Urology. Volume 150, Issue 2, Part 1, August 1993, 563-4.
Pak, C.Y., Sakhaee, K., Crowther, C., and Brinkley, L. "Evidence justifying a high fluid intake in treatment of nephrolithiasis." Annals of Internal Medicine. Volume 93, Issue 1, July 1980, 36-9.
Revusova, V., Gratzlova, J., Zvara, V., Kridl, J., Suchanek, B., and Breza, J. "The evaluation of some biochemical parameters in pyridoxine-treated calcium oxalate renal stone formers." Urologia Internationalis. Volume 32, Issue 4, 1977, 348-352.
Schneider, H.J., Hesse, A., Berg, W., Kirsten, J., and Nickel, H. ["Animal-experiment studies on the effect of magnesium and vitamin B 6 on calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis"]. [Article in German.] Zeitschrift für Urologie und Nephrologie. Volume 70, Issue 6, June 1977, 419-427.
Shuster, J., Finlayson, B., Scheaffer, R.L., Sierakowski, R., Zoltek, J., and Dzegede, S. “Primary liquid intake and urinary stone disease." Journal of Chronic Diseases. Issue 38, 1985, 907-14.
Shuster, J., Jenkins, A., Logan, C., Barnett, T., Riehle, R., Zackson, D., Wolfe, H., Dale, R., Daley, M., Malik, I., et al. "Soft drink consumption and urinary stone recurrence: a randomized prevention trial." Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. Volume 45, Issue 8, August 1992, 911-6.
Wabner C.L. and Pak, C.Y. "Effect of orange juice consumption on urinary stone risk factors." Journal of Urology. Volume 149, Issue 6, June 1993, 1405-1408.
Exercise
Bone, Kerry. “Phytotherapy for recurrent kidney stones." Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. October 2005.
Gach, Michael Reed with Marco, Carolyn. Acu-Yoga: Self-Help Techniques to Relieve Tension. Tokyo: Japan Publications, Inc., 1981.
Masunaga, Shizuto with Brown, Stephen. Zen Imagery Exercises: Meridian Exercises for Wholesome Living. Tokyo: Japan Publications, Inc., 1987.
Payne, Larry and Usatine, Richard. Yoga Rx: A Step-by-Step Program to Promote Health, Wellness, and Healing for Common Ailments. Edited by Merry Aronson and Rachelle Gardner. New York: Broadway Books, 2002.
Watanabe, K., and Yuri, K. ["A clinical study on spontaneous passage of ureteral stone--effect of urocalun and jumping exercise to ureteral stone"]. [Article in Japanese] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 35, Issue 5, May 1989, 769-73.
“What Dietary Factors and Lifestyle Measures Are Used For Prevention of Kidney Stones?” From “Kidney Stones." University of Maryland Medical Center. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_kidney_stones_000081_1.htm
Safety
Mcguffin, Michael, et al. Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1997.
Bearberry
Jahodar, L., Jilek, P., Paktova, M. and Dvorakova, V. [“Antimicrobial effect of arbutin and an extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi in vitro”]. [Article in Czech.] Ceskoslovenska farmacie. Volume 34, Issue 5, June 1985, 174-178.
Jahodar, L., Leifertova, I., and Lisa, M. “Investigation of iridoid substances in Arctostaphylos uva-ursi." Die Pharmazie. Volume 33, Issue 8, August 1978, 536-537.
Matsuda H., Nakamura, S., Shiomoto, H., Tanaka, T., and Kubo, M. ["Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. IV. Effect of 50% methanolic extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) on melanin synthesis"]. [Article in Japanese.] Yakugaku Zasshi. Volume 112, Issue 4, April 1992, 276-282.
Matsuda H., Nakata, H., Tanaka, T., and Kubo, M. [“Pharmacological study on Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. II. Combinedeffects of arbutin and prednisolone or dexamethazone onimmuno-inflammation”]. [Article in Japanese.] Yakugaku Zasshi. Volume 110, Issue 1, January 1990, 59-67.
Matsuda H., Nakata, H., Tanaka, T., and Kubo, M. [“Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation”]. [Article in Japanese.] Yakugaku Zasshi. Volume 110, Issue 1, January 1990, 68-76.
Matsuda H., Nakata, H., Tanaka, T., and Kubo, M. [“Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation]”. [Article in Japanese.] Yakugaku Zasshi. Volume 111, Issues 4-5, April-May 1991, 253-258.
Parejo, Irene, Viladomat, Francesc, Bastida, Jaume, and Codina, Carles. "A single extraction step in the quantitative analysis of arbutin in bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) leaves by high-performance liquid chromatography." Phytochemical Analysis. Volume 12, Issue 5, September-October 2001, 336-339.
Schindler, G., Patzak, U., Brinkhaus, B., von Niecieck, A., Wittig, J., Krahmer, N., Glockl, I. and Veit, M. "Urinary excretion and metabolism of arbutin after oral administration of Arctostaphylos uvae ursi extract as film-coated tablets and aqueous solution in healthy humans." Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Volume 42, Issue 8, August 2002, 920-927.
Wang L. and Del Priore, L.V. “Bull's-eye maculopathy secondary to herbal toxicity from Bearberry.” American Journal of Ophthalmology. Volume 137, Issue 6, June 2004, 1135-7.
Yarnell, E. “Botanical medicines for the urinary tract." World Journal of Urology. Volume 20, Issue 5, November 2002, 285-293.
Birch
Malini, M.M., Lenin, M., and Varalakshmi, P. "Protective effect of triterpenes on calcium oxalate crystal-induced peroxidative changes in experimental urolithiasis." Pharmacological Ressearch. Volume 41, Issue 4, April 2000, 413-8.
Vidya, L. and Varalakshmi, P. "Control of urinary risk factors of stones by betulin and lupeol in experimental hyperoxaluria." Fitoterapia. Volume 71, Issue 5, September 2000, 535-43.
Cascara
Elbadawi, A., Musto, L.A., and Lilien, O.M. "Combined alizarin red-reticulum stain for tissue localization of calcium deposits." American Journal of Clinical Pathology. Volume 75, Issue 3, March 1981, 355-6.
Fork, F.T., Ekberg, O., Nilsson, G., Rerup, C., and Skinhoj, A. "Colon cleansing regimens. A clinical study in 1200 patients." Gastrointestinal Radiology. Volume 7, Issue 4, 1982, 383-389.
Zhou X.M. and Chen, Q.H. ["Biochemical study of Chinese rhubarb. XXII. Inhibitory effect of anthraquinone derivatives on Na+-K+-ATPase of the rabbit renal medulla and their diuretic action."] [Article in Chinese.] Yao Xue Xue Bao. Volume 23, Issue 1, January 1988, 17-20.
Chaparral
Adame, J. and Adame, H. Plantas Curativas del Noreste Mexicano. Monterrey, Mexico: Castillo, 2000.
Culver, C.A., Michalowski, S.M., Maia, R.C., and Laster, S.M. "The anti-apoptotic effects of nordihydroguaiaretic acid: inhibition of cPLA(2) activation during TNF-induced apoptosis arises from inhibition of calcium signaling." Life Sciences. Volume 77, Issue 19, September 23, 2005, 2457-2470.
Dimayuga, R. Medicina Tradicional y Popular de Baja California Sur. La Paz: University of Baja California; 1996.
González M. Plantas Medicinales del Noreste de México. Monterrey, Mexico: IMSS-Vitro,1998.
Heron, S. and Yarnell, E. "The safety of low-dose Larrea tridentata (DC) Coville (creosote bush or chaparral): a retrospective clinical study." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2001, 175-85.
Martínez, M. Las Plantas Medicinales de México. Mexico City: Editorial Botas, 1989.
Sheikh, N.M., Philen, R.M., and Love, L.A. "Chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity." Archives of Internal Medicine. Volume 157, Number 8, April 28, 1997, 913-919.
Stickel, F., Egerer, G., and Seitz, H.K. "Hepatotoxicity of botanicals." Public Health Nutrition. Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2000, 113-124.
Vázquez, R. Plantas Medicinales del Noroeste de Mexico. Mexico City: Guias Mexico Desconocido #4, 1999.
Verastegui, M.A., Sanchez, C.A., Heredia, N.L., and Garcia-Alvarado, J.S. "Antimicrobial activity of extracts of three major plants from the Chihuahuan desert." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 52, Issue 3, July 5, 1996, 175-7.
Cherry Bark
Olszewska, M. "Flavonoids from Prunus serotina Ehrh." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica. Volume 62, Issue 2, March-April 2005, 127-133.
Haupt, H. ["Toxic and less toxic plants. 39. Prunus padus, Prunus serotina"]. [Article in German.] Kinderkrankenschwester. Volume 17, Issue 11, November 1998, 504-505.
Yamaguchi, K., Liggett, J.L., Kim, N.C., and Baek, S.J. "Anti-proliferative effect of horehound leaf and wild cherry bark extracts on human colorectal cancer cells." Oncology Reports. Volume 15, Issue 1, January 2006, 275-281.
Cleavers
Bradley P.R. (editor). “Clivers." British Herbal Compendium. Volume 1. A Handbook of Scientific Information on Widely Used Plant Drugs. Bournemouth, Dorset: BHMA Publications, 1992, 61-62.
British Herbal Medicine Association. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Bournemouth, Dorset: BHMA Publications, 1990, 32-33.
Foster S and Duke, JA. Cleavers in Medicinal Plants. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990, 36.
Mavi, A., Terzi, Z., Ozgen, U., Yildirim, A., and Coskun, M. "Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae)." Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Volume 27, Issue 5, May 2004, 702-705.
Pojar, J. and MacKinnon, A. (editors). Plants of Coastal British Columbia, including Washington, Oregon and Alaska. Vancouver: Lone Pine Publishing, 1994, 330.
Wichtl M. and Bisset, N.G. (editors). “Bedstraw." Herbal Drugs and Phyto-pharmaceuticals. English translation by Norman Grainger Bisset. Stuttgart: CRC Press, 1994, 225-227.
Corn Silk
Al-Ali, M., Wahbi, S., Twaij, H., and Al-Badr, A. "Tribulus terrestris: preliminary study of its diuretic and contractile effects and comparison with Zea mays." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 85, Issue 2-3, April 2003, 257-260.
Conis, Elena. “Corn’s silky threads run through centuries of medicinal use." Los Angeles Times. February 20, 2006, F3.
Doan, D.D., Nguyen, N.H., Doan, H.K., Nguyen, T.L., Phan, T.S., van Dau, N., Grabe, M., Johansson, R., Lindgren, G., and Stjernstrom, N.E. "Studies on the individual and combined diuretic effects of four Vietnamese traditional herbal remedies (Zea mays, Imperata cylindrica, Plantago major and Orthosiphon stamineus)." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 36, Issue 3, June 1992, 225-231.
Velazquez, D.V., Xavier, H.S., Batista, J.E., de Castro-Chaves, C. "Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats." Phytomedicine. Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2005, 363-369.
Cramp Bark
Calle J., Toscano, M., Pinzon, R., Baquero, J., and Bautista, E. “Antinociceptive and uterine relaxant activities of Viburnum toronis alive (Caprifoliaceae)." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 66, Issue 1, July 1999; 71-73.
Grieve, M. “Guelder rose." A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publishers, 1971.
Jarboe, C.H., Schmidt, C.M., Nicholson, J.A., and Zirvi, K.A. “Uterine relaxant properties of Viburnum." Nature. Volume 212, Issue 64, November 19, 1966, 837.
Nicholson J.A., Darby, T.D., and Jarboe, C.H. “Viopudial, a hypotensive and smooth muscle antispasmodic from Viburnum opulus." Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Volume 140, Issue 2, June 1972, 457-461.
Smetakina, P.P. ["Disinfectant Properties of Viburnum Opulus"]. [Article in Russian.] Vestnik Dermatologii i Venerologii. Volume 37, July 1963, 75.
Smirnova, A.S. and Iadrova, V.M. ["Comparative study of the astringent effect of liquid extracts from Viburnum opulus L"]. [Article in Russian.] Farmatsiia. Volume 17, Issue 4, August 1968, 42-45.
Sprygin, V.G., Kushnerova, N.F., and Rakhmanin, IuA. [“Antioxidant action of oligomeric proanthocyanidins isolated from viburnum in liver lesions by carbon tetrachloride and prevention of the latter's toxicity”]. [Article in Russian.] Gigiena I Sanitariia. Issue 3, May-June 2003, 57-60.
Crataeva
Bone, Kerry. “Phytotherapy for recurrent kidney stones." Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. October 2005.
Deshpande, P.J., Sahu, M., and Kumar, P. "Crataeva nurvala Hook and Forst (Varuna)--the Ayurvedic drug of choice in urinary disorders." Indian Journal of Medical Research. Volume 76 Supplement, December 1982, 46-53.
Malini, M.M., Baskar, R., and Varalakshmi, P. "Effect of lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, on urinary enzymes in hyperoxaluric rats." Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology. Volume 48, Issue 5-6, October-December 1995, 211-220.
Prabhakar, Y.S. and Suresh Kumar. “The Varuna tree, Crataeva nurvala , a promising plant in the treatment of urinary stones--A review." Fitoterapia. Volume 61, Issue 2, 1989, 99-111.
Varalakshmi, P., Latha, E., Shamila, Y., and Jayanthi, S. "Effect of Crataeva nurvala on the biochemistry of the small intestinal tract of normal and stone-forming rats." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Issue 1, January 31, 1991, 67-73.
Varalakshmi, P., Shamila, Y., and Latha, E. "Effect of Crataeva nurvala in experimental urolithiasis." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 28, Issue 3, March 1990, 313-321.
Damiana
Dominguez, X.A. and Hinojosa, M. "Mexican medicinal plants. XXVIII. Isolation of 5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxy-flavone from Turnera diffusa." Planta Medica. Volume 30, Issue 1, August 1976, 68-71.
Hernandez, T., Canales, M., Avila, J.G., Duran, A., Caballero, J., Romo de Vivar, A., and Lira, R. "Ethnobotany and antibacterial activity of some plants used in traditional medicine of Zapotitlan de las Salinas, Puebla (Mexico)." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 88, Issues 2-3, October 2003, 181-188.
Hnatyszyn, O., Moscatelli, V., Garcia, J., Rondina, R., Costa, M., Arranz, C., Balaszczuk, A., Ferraro, G., and Coussio, J.D. "Argentinian plant extracts with relaxant effect on the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum of guinea pig." Phytomedicine. Volume 10, Issue 8, November 2003, 669-674.
Dandelion Leaf
Day, Shelley. “Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale." Alternative Healthzine. Volume 2, Issue 12, Article 2, January 2002. http://www.alternative-healthzine.com/html/0201_2.html
European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy. Taraxaci radix (dandelion). Monographs on the Medicinal Uses of Plant Drugs, Fascicule 2. Exeter: ESCOP; 1996–1997, 2.
Grases, F., Melero, G., Costa-Bauza, A., Prieto, R., and March, J.G. "Urolithiasis and phytotherapy." International Urology and Nephrology. Volume 26, Issue 5, 1994, 507-511.
Racz-Kotilla, E., Racz, G., and Solomon, A "The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals." Planta Medica. Volume 26, Issue 3, November 1974, 212-217.
Susnik, F. [“The present state of knowledge about the medicinal plant Taraxacum officinale”]. [Article in Slovak; English abstract.] Medicinski razgledi. Issue 21, 1982, 323-328.
Sweeney, B., Vora, M., Ulbricht, C., and Basch, E. "Evidence-based systematic review of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) by natural standard research collaboration." Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. Volume 5, Issue 1, 2005, 79-93.
Worthen, D.B. "Pharmacy through the ages. Taraxacum officinale." Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. Volume 41, Issue 4, July-August 2001, 617.
Evergreen Oak
Goto, K., Ito, S., Otani, F., and Liu, J. ["Clinical effects of Urocalun for upper urinary urolithiasis"]. [Article in Japanese.] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 13, Issue 8, August 1967, 628-631.
Higashi, Y., Yamada, H., Kobori, G., Hirai, S., Kawamura, J., and Okada, Y. ["Clinical equivalence trial of UROCALUN miniaturized tablet in patients with upper urinary tract stone disease"]. [Article in Japanese.] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 51, Issue 3, March 2005, 215-223.
Inada, T. and Kitayama, T. ["Use of "Urocalun" in patients with urolithiasis in the upper urinary tracts"]. [Article in Japanese.] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 13, Issue 6, June 1967, 470-474.
Inoue, T. and Shiozaki, H. ["Clinical evaluation of Urocalun in urolithiasis"]. [Article in Japanese.] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 13, Issue 11, November 1967, 848-852.
Kato, T., Takahashi, Y., Fukuyama, T., Oka, N., and Hasegawa, T. ["Urocalun for upper urinary stones--investigation of its effect on stone passage by means of simultaneous control study in double blind method"]. [Article in Japanese.] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 15, Issue 6, June 1969, 460-470.
Ogawa, Y., Morozumi, M., Tanaka, T., and Yamaguchi, K. "A comparison between effects of pyruvate and herb medicines in preventing experimental oxalate urolithiasis in rats." Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 32, Issue 8, August 1986, 1127-1133.
Ogawa Y, Takahashi S, Kitagawa R. "Effect of herb medicines for urolithiasis on urinary oxalate excretion in rats." Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 29, Issue 10, October 1983, 1269-1271.
Oka, N., Sugiura, H., Ito, H. ["Clinical experiences with the application of "Urocalun" for upper urinary lithiasis"]. [Article in Japanese.] Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. Volume 58, Issue 11, November 1967, 1168-1178.
Tada, S., Ogushi, N., Kawai, T., and Mori, O. ["Treatment of urolithiasis with Urocalun"]. [Article in Japanese.] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 14, Issue 8, August 1968, 600-604.
Watanabe, K., and Yuri, K. ["A clinical study on spontaneous passage of ureteral stone--effect of urocalun and jumping exercise to ureteral stone"]. [Article in Japanese] Hinyokika Kiyo. Volume 35, Issue 5, May 1989, 769-73.
Goldenrod
Chodera, A., Dabrowska, K., Senczuk, M., Wasik-Olejnik, A., Skrzypczak, L., Budzianowski, J., and Ellnain-Wojtaszek, M. ["Diuretic effect of the glycoside from a plant of the Solidago L. genus"]. [Article in Polish.] Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica. Volume 42, Issue 2, 1985, 199-204.
Dittmann, J. ["Effect of extracts from Solidago virgaurea on the metabolism of rabbit brain slices"]. [Article in German; author's translation.] Planta Medica. Volume 24, Issue 4, December 1973, 329-36.
el-Ghazaly M., Khayyal M.T., Okpanyi, S.N., and Arens,-Corell M. “Study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Populus tremula, Solidago virgaurea and Fraxinus excelsior." Arzneimittelforschung. Volume 42, Issue 3, 1992, 333-336.
Klein-Galczinsky, C. [“Pharmacological and clinical effectiveness of a fixed phytogenic combination of trembling poplar (Populus tremula), true goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in mild to moderate rheumatic complaints”.] [Article in German.] Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. Volume 149, Issue 8-10, 1999, 248-253.
Melzig, M.F. ["Goldenrod--a classical exponent in the urological phytotherapy"]. [Article in German.] Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift. Volume 154, Issues 21-22, November 2004, 523-527.
Meyer, B., Schneider, W., and Elstner, E.F. “Antioxidative properties of alcoholic extracts from Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Solidago virgaurea." Arzneimittelforschung. Volume 45, Issue 2, 1995, 174-176.
Okpanyi, S.N., Schirpke-von Paczensky, R., and Dickson, D. ["Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect of various plant extracts and their combinations in an animal model"]. [Article in German.] Arzneimittelforschung. Volume 39, Issue 6, June 1989, 698-703.
Schatzle, M., Agathos, M., and Breit, R. “Allergic contact dermatitis from goldenrod (Herba solidaginis) after systemic administration." Contact Dermatitis. Volume 39, Issue 5, November 1998, 271-272.
von Kruedener, S., Schneider, W., andElstner, E.F. “A combination of Populus tremula, Solidago virgaurea and Fraxinus excelsior as an anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drug. A short review.” Arzneimittelforschung. Volume 45, Issue 2, 1995, 169-171.
Wagener, H.H. ["On the pharmacology of a Solidago extract-containing venous drug"]. [Article in German.] Arzneimittelforschung. Volume 16, Issue 7, July 1966, 859-66.
Gravel Root
Habtemariam, S. "Antiinflammatory activity of the antirheumatic herbal drug, gravel root (Eupatorium purpureum): further biological activities and constituents." Phytotherapy Research. Volume 15, Issue 8, December 2001, 687-690.
Habtemariam, S. "Cistifolin, an integrin-dependent cell adhesion blocker from the anti-rheumatic herbal drug, gravel root (rhizome of Eupatorium purpureum." Planta Medica. Volume 64, Issue 8, December 1998, 683-685.
Horsetail
Do Monte, F.H., dos Santos, J.G., Jr., Russi, M., Lanziotti, V.M., Leal, L.K., and Cunha, G.M. "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydroalcoholic extract of stems from Equisetum arvense L. in mice." Pharmacological Research. Volume 49, Issue 3, March 2004, 239-243.
Graefe, E.U. and Veit, M. "Urinary metabolites of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in humans after application of a crude extract from Equisetum arvense." Phytomedicine. Volume 6, Issue 4, October 1999, 239-246.
Grases, F., Melero, G., Costa-Bauza, A., Prieto, R., and March, J.G. "Urolithiasis and phytotherapy." International Urology and Nephrology. Volume 26, Issue 5, 1994, 507-511.
Radulovic, N., Stojanovic, G., and Palic, R. "Composition and antimicrobial activity of Equisetum arvense L. essential oil." Phytotherapy Research. Volume 20, Issue 1, January 2006, 85-88.
Tiktinskii, O.L. and Bablumian, I.A. ["Therapeutic action of Java tea and field horsetail in uric acid diathesis"]. [Article in Russian.] Urologiia i Nefrologiia. Volume 3, Issue 1, January-February 1983, 47-50.
Hydrangea
De Rooij, J., Bruynzeel, D.P., and Rustemeyer, T. "Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from hydrangea". Contact Dermatitis. Volume 54, Issue 1, January 2006, 65-66.
Jamaica Dogwood
Aurousseau, M., Berny, C., and Albert, O. ["Research on Some Pharmacodynamic Properties of Piscidia Erythrina L. (Leguminosae)"]. [Article in French.] Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Volume 23, April 1965, 251-257.
Della Loggia, R., Zilli, C., Del Negro, P., Redaelli, C. and Tubaro, A. “Isoflavones as spasmolytic principles of Piscidia erythrina." Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Volume 280, 1988, 365-368.
Khella
Iavinskii, B.V. ["Passage of ureteral calculi under the effects of Ammi visnaga"]. [Article in Russian] Urologiia. Volume 24, July-August 1959, 15-18.
Khan, Z.A., Assiri, A.M., Al-Afghani, H.M., and Maghrabi, T.M. "Inhibition of oxalate nephrolithiasis with Ammi visnaga (AI-Khillah)." International Urology and Nephrology. Volume 33, Issue 4, 2001, 605-608.
Uhlenbroock, K. and Mulli, K. ["Khellin; a contribution to the pharmacology of the ingredients of Ammi visnaga. V. Pharmacological effect of khellin on the organs of the urogenital system."] [Article in German.] Arzneimittelforschung. Volume 7, Issue 3, March 1957, 166-172.
Madder
Bablumian, IuA. and Petrosian, B.G. ["Extract from the roots of Rubia tinctorum in the treatment of ureteral calculi"]. [Article in Russian.] Zhurnal Eksperimentalnoi i Klinicheskoi Meditsiny. Volume 17, Issue 6, 1977, 87-91.
Basu, S., Ghosh, A., and Hazra, B. "Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn. and Lantana camara Linn.: isolation of emodin and physcion as active antibacterial agents." Phytotherapy Research. Volume 19, Issue 10, October 2005, 888-894.
Ozgen, U., Houghton, P.J., Ogundipe, Y., and Coskun, M. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Onosma argentatum and Rubia peregrina." Fitoterapia. Volume 74, Issues 7-8, December 2003, 682-685.
Rao, G.M., Rao, C.V., Pushpangadan, P., and Shirwaikar, A. "Hepatoprotective effects of rubiadin, a major constituent of Rubia cordifolia Linn." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 103, Issue 3, February 2006, 484-490 (Epub October 5, 2005).
Schneider, H.J., Unger, G., Rossler, D., Bothor, C., Berg, W., and Ernst, G. ["Effect of drugs used for the prevention of urinary calculi recurrence on the growth and metabolism of young experimental animals"]. [Article in German.] Zeitschrift für Urologie und Nephrologie. Volume 72, Issue 4, April 1979, 237-247.
Marshmallow Root
Basch, E., Ulbricht, C., Hammerness, P., and Vora, M. "Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) monograph." Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. Volume 3, Issue 3, 2003, 71-81.
Duke, James A. The Green Pharmacy: The Ultimate Compendium of Natural Remedies from the World's Foremost Authority on Healing and Herbs. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale Press, 1997.
Guarnieri, A., Chiarini, A., Burnelli, S., and Amorosa, M. [“Mucilage of Althaea officinalis”]. [Article in Italian.] Farmaco [Edizione Pratica]. Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1974, 83-91.
Guevara, J.M., Chumpitaz, J., and Valencia, E. ["The in vitro action of plants on Vibrio cholerae"]. [Article in Spanish.] Revista de Gastroenterologia del Peru. Volume 14, Issue 1, January-April 1994, 27-31.
Schmidgall, J., Schnetz, E., and Hensel, A. "Evidence for bioadhesive effects of polysaccharides and polysaccharide-containing herbs in an ex vivo bioadhesion assay on buccal membranes." Planta Medica. Volume 66, Issue 1, February 2000, 48-53.
Wichtl, M. and Bisset, N.G. (editors). "Althaeae radix – Marshmallow root." Herbal Drugs and Phyto-pharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: CRC Press, 1994, 65-6.
Mugwort
Benjumea, D., Abdala, S., Hernandez-Luis, F., Perez-Paz, P., and Martin-Herrera, D. "Diuretic activity of Artemisia thuscula, an endemic Canary species." Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 100, Issues 1-2, August 22, 2005, 205-209.
Li, J.J., Tu, Y.Y., Tong, J.Z., and Wang, P.T. ["Inhibitory activity of Dianthus superbus L. and 11 kinds of diuretic Traditional Chinese medicines for urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro"]. [Article in Chinese.] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. Volume 25, Issue 10, October 2000, 628-630.
Weisbord, S.D., Soule, J.B., and Kimmel, P.L. "Poison on line--acute renal failure caused by oil of wormwood purchased through the Internet." New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 337, Issue 12, September 18, 1997, 825-827. Erratum in New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 337, Issue 20, November 13, 1997, 1483.
Pipsissewa
Inouye, H., Arai, T., Yaoi, Y., and Ogawa, M. "The Presence of Hydroquinone-type Glycosides, Chimaphilin and Monotropeine in Pyrolaceae" [Article in German.] Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Volume 12, February 1964, 255-256.
Saxena, G., Farmer, S.W., Hancock, R.E., and Towers, G.H. "Chlorochimaphilin: a new antibiotic from Moneses uniflora." Journal of Natural Products. Volume 59, Issue 1, January 1996, 62-65.
Trubachev, A.A. and Batiuk, V.S. ["Phytochemical study of Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt"]. [Article in Russian.] Farmatsiia. Volume 18, Issue 3, May-June 1969, 48-51.
Stone Root
Stevens, J.F., Ivancic, M., Deinzer, M.L., and Wollenweber, E. "A novel 2-hydroxyflavanone from collinsonia canadensis." Journal of Natural Products. Volume 62, Issue 2, February 1999, 392-394.
Strawberry Leaf
Aaby, K., Skrede, G., and Wrolstad, R.E. "Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities in flesh and achenes of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa)." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Volume 53 Issue 10, May 18, 2005, 4032-40.
Bondarenko, A.S. and Zelepukha, S.I. [“Antimicrobial properties of Fragaria vesca and Fragaria grandifolia”]. [Article in Ukrainian] Mikrobiologicheskii Zhurnal. Volume 24, 1962, 41-45.
Filippone, M.P., Diaz-Ricci, J.C., Castagnaro, A.P., and Farias, R.N. "Effect of fragarin on the cytoplasmic membrane of the phytopathogen Clavibacter michiganensis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. Volume 14, Issue 7, July 2001, 925-928.
Klopotek, Y., Otto, K, and Bohm, V. "Processing strawberries to different products alters contents of vitamin C, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. July 13, 2005, Volume 53, Issue 14, 5640-6.
Heo, H.J. and Lee, C.Y. "Strawberry and its anthocyanins reduce oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Volume 53 Issue 6, March 23, 2005, 1984-1989.
Selvendran, R.R. and Isherwood, F.A. "Identification of guanosine diphosphate derivatives of D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose in mature strawberry leaves." Biochemical Journal. Volume 105, Issue 2, November 1967, 723-728.
Vennat, B., Gross, D., Pourrat, H., Pourrat, A., Bastide, P., and Bastide, J. "Anti-ulcer activity of procyanidins preparation of water-soluble procyanidin-cimetidine complexes." Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae. Volume 64, Issue 11, 1989, 316-320.
Wang, S.Y. and Lin, H.S. "Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Volume 48, Issue 2, February 2000, 140-6.
Wichtl, M. and Bisset, N.G. (editors). "Fragariea folium – Wild strawberry leaf." Herbal Drugs and Phyto-pharmaceuticals. English translation by N.G. Bisset. Stuttgart: CRC Press, 1994, 206-207.
Sweet Flag
Acuna, U.M., Atha, D.E., Ma, J., Nee, M.H., and Kennelly, E.J. "Antioxidant capacities of ten edible North American plants." Phytotherapy Research. Volume 16, Issue 1, February 2002, 63-65.
Danilevskii, N.F. and Antonishin, B.V. ["Antimicrobial activity of a tincture of Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora japonica) and of the essential oil of sweet flag (Acorus calamus)"]. [Article in Russian.] Mikrobiologicheskii Zhurnal. Volume 44, Issue 5, September-October 1982, 80-82.
Lai, X.Y., Liang, H., and Zhao, Y.Y. ["A survey of the studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Acorus plants"]. [Article in Chinese.] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. Volume 27, Issue 3, March 2002, 161-165, 198.
Maj, J., Malec, D., and Lastowski, Z. ["Pharmacological properties of the native calamus (Acorus calamus L) 3. Spasmolytic effect of etheric oil"]. [Article in Polish.] Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica. Volume 23, Issue 5, 1966, 477-482.
Panchal, G.M., Venkatakrishna-Bhatt, H., Doctor, R.B., and Vajpayee, S. "Pharmacology of Acorus calamus L." Indian Journal of Expimental Biology. Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1989, 561-567.
Rocchietta, S. ["Indian drugs with antibacterial action: Alpina galanga & Acorus calamus"]. [Article in Italian.] Minerva farmaceutica. Volume 6, Issue 7, July 1957, 177.
Wild Carrot
Gambhir, S.S., Sen, S.P., Sanyal, A.K., and Das, P.K. "Antispasmodic activity of the tertiary base of Daucus carota, Linn. seeds." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Volume 23, Issue 3, July-September 1979, 225-228.
Kilibarda, V., Nanusevic, N., Dogovic, N., Ivanic, R., and Savin, K. "Content of the essential oil of the carrot and its antibacterial activity." Pharmazie. Volume 51, Issue 10, October 1996, 777-778.
Kumarasamy, Y., Nahar, L., Byres, M., Delazar, A., Sarker, S.D. "The assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of 'wild carrot' (Daucus carota L) seeds." Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. Volume 5 Issue 1, 2005, 61-72.
Nicolle, C., Cardinault, N., Aprikian, O., Busserolles, J., Grolier, P., Rock, E., Demigne, C., Mazur, A., Scalbert, A., Amouroux, P. and Remesy, C. "Effect of carrot intake on cholesterol metabolism and on antioxidant status in cholesterol-fed rat." European Journal of Nutrition. Volume 42, Issue 5, October 2003, 254-261.
Wild Yam
Araghiniknam, M., Chung, S., Nelson-White, T., Eskelson, C., and Watson, R.R. "Antioxidant activity of dioscorea and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in older humans." Life Sciences. Volume 59, Issue 11, 1996, 147-157.
Benghuzzi, H., Tucci, M., Eckie, R., and Hughes, J. "The effects of sustained delivery of diosgenin on the adrenal gland of female rats." Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation. Volume 39, 2003, 335-340.
"Final report of the amended safety assessment of Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) root extract." International Journal of Toxicology. Volume 23 Supplement 2, 2004, 249-254.
Komesaroff, P.A., Black, C.V., Cable, V., and Sudhir, K. "Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women." Climacteric. Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2001, 144-150.
Lee, S.C., Tsai, C.C., Chen, J.C., Lin, J.G., Lin, C.C., Hu, M.L., and Lu, S. "Effects of "Chinese yam" on hepato-nephrotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats." Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. Volume 23, Issue 6, June 2002, 503-508.
Wood Betony
Aronova, B.N. and Stegailo, E.A. ["Effect of an extract of Betonica officinalis on lactation"]. [Article in Russian.] Akusherstvo i Ginekologiia . Volume 1, January 1977, 68-69.
Bakhalova, N.V. and Kharmats, D.A. ["Effect of the milk from mothers receiving methylergometrine and hedge nettle extract on the physical development of the newborn infant"]. [Article in Russian.] Zdravookhranenie Kirgizii. Issue 2, March-April 1977, :28–31.
Horodynska, VIa., Zinchenko, T.V., Fefer, I.M., and Kharkevych, S.S. [“Comparative Data on the Study of Betonica Officinalis and Betonica Grandiflora Glycosides”]. [Article in Ukranian]. Farmatsevtychny Zhurnal . Volume 18, 1963, 51-53.
Stegailo E.A., Lebedeva, I.M., Aronova, B.N., Bakhalova N.V., and Kharman, D.A. ["Treatment of hypogalactia with an extract of the betonica hedge nettle"]. [Article in Russian.] Akusherstvo Ginekologiia (Moskva). Issue 2, February 1980, 19–20.
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